Monday, 17 October 2016

Indian Council for Agricultural Research

Indian Council for Agricultural Research
                The first scientific institution to come up in India was Imperial Bacteriological Institute in Pune in the year 1889, which later on became the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, IzatnagarBeginning of Scientific Agriculture in India began with the appointment of Dr. J. A. Voelcker, as the Consulting Chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society, England in the year 1890. In the year 1892, an Imperial Agricultural Chemist was appointed. An Imperial Mycologist was appointed in the year 1901 and in 1902 an Imperial Entomologist.
                The Famine commission Report of 1901 recommended the starting of specialized institutions for agricultural research and in 1905 the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute was started in Pusa, Bihar, which later on was renamed in the year 1936 as Indian Agricultural Research Institute and relocated to Delhi. Popularly IARI is calledPusa Institute.
                During this period many Commodity committees were started, which were funded by the cess levied on the sale of these commodities and many research institutes came into existence to cater to the development of these commodities. They were
  1. Indian Central Cotton Committee, 1921
  2. Indian Central Lac Cess Committee, 1931
  3. Indian Central Tobacco Committee,1945
  4. Indian Central Oilseeds Committee, 1947
  5. Indian Central Areca nut Committee,1949
  6. Indian Central Spices and Cashew nut Committee,1958
                Based on the recommendation of The Royal Commission Report of 1928, the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research was started on 16 July 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. After Independence it was renamed as Indian Council of Agricultural Research on June10, 1948. ICAR is an autonomous organization under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. It is the research wing of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

          The Council is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. The ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi. The schemes funded by ICAR are executed by the Central and State Research Institutions. ICAR is entrusted with the responsibility for coordinating research with the central and state research institutions 
             Based on the recommendation of Dr. Gajendragadkar Committee (1972) the Department of Agriculture Research and Education was set up in the year 1973 in the Ministry of Agriculture to   link ICAR with state and Central Governments on one side and International Organizations on other hand. And in the year 1975, Agricultural Scientist Recruitment Board and Agricultural Research Service was constituted to concentrate on planning, aiding, promoting and coordinating agricultural research in the country.

                ICAR is one of the largest National Agricultural Systems in the world with 97 Research Institutes and 53 Agricultural universities. ICAR  cater to the society with the three mandates viz. Research, Education and Extension. For the purpose of Research it has 97 research institutes:
  1. Central Institutions                                          45
  2. National Research Centres                              17
  3. National Bureaux                                              6
  4. Project Directorates                                        25
  5. All India Coordinated Research Projects         61
  6. Network Projects                                           17
  7. Other projects                                                10

For the purpose of Education it has 53 State Agricultural Universities and 4 Deemed Universities. And for the purpose of Extension it has 630 Krishi Vigyan Kendras spread out throughout the country.

Central Institutions
                Central Institutions carry out basic and applied researches on problems of national importance with some focus on regional problems as well. Work on problems related to commodity, Group of commodities, Discipline, Geographical areas, Technology or specific issues. They are Multi disciplinary & Multi commodity institutions. They carry out Research on:
  1. Crops
  2. Horticulture
  3. Soils
  4. Engineering
  5. Animal Sciences
  6. Fisheries
                National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM) is one of the Central Institutions started as the Central Staff College for Agriculture. It is the unique institution to conduct research and training in agricultural researches management.

                 Central Institutions: 45
1. Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack
2. Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora
3. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur
4. Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry
5. Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow
6.Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore
7.Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur
8. Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore
9. Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi
10.Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore
21.Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal
22.Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal
23.ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region including Centre of Makhana, Patna
24.Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad
25.Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
26.ICAR Research Complex, Goa
27.ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani
28.National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Maharashtra
29.Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
30.Central Institute on Post harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana
31.Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi
32.Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai
33.National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata
34.Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi
35.Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan
36.Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom
37.Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar
38.National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore
39.Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar
40.Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
41.Central Institute Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai
42.Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore
43.Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin
44.Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubneshwar
45.National Academy of Agricultural Research & Management, Hyderabad

National Research Centres
                The National Research Centres feed national network of research with new materials, techniques and information for subsequent adoption in different production oriented research programmes. They take up narrow concentrated mission on basic and strategic researches on selected topics which have Direct or indirect relevance to national problems in a particular crop, commodity or a problem area of research. They do not have divisional structures or regional substations. The first NRC was started in the year 1977-1978 for  Groundnut at Junagarh, Gujarat.
National Research Centres: 17
1.National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi
2.National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi
3.National Research Centre for Litchi, Muzaffarpur
4.National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur
5.National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune
6.National Research Centre for Banana, Trichi
7.National Research Centre Seed Spices, Ajmer
8.National Research Centre for Pomegranate, Solapur
9.National Research Centre on Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim                                               
10.National Research Centre Agroforestry, Jhansi
11.National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner
12.National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar
13.National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad
14.National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati
15.National Research Centre on Yak, West Kemang
16.National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland
17.National Centre for Agril. Economics & Policy Research, New Delhi

National Bureau: 6
1.National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources, New Delhi
2.National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Micro-organisms, Madhya Pradesh
3.National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore
4.National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur
5.National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal
6.National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow


Project Directorates
                Project Directorates are upgraded AICRPs which feed into AICRP system. They have increased importance and magnitude of the work involved with responsibility to undertake research for developing location specific technologies. They have the responsibility to collect, conserve, evaluate and document basic resources of agriculture. They initiate such measures as would lead to long term productivity of:
  • Plants, animal
  • Fish,
  • Soil
  • Agriculturally important microorganisms
Directorates/Project Directorates: 25
1.Directorate of Maize Research, New Delhi.
2.Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad
3.Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal
4.Directorate of Oilseed Research, Hyderabad
5.Directorate of Seed Research, Mau
6.Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad
7.Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagarh
8.Directorate of Soybean Research, Indore
9.Directorate of Rapeseed & Mustard Research, Bharatpur
10.Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan
Directorates/Project Directorates - 25
11.Directorate on Onion and Garlic Research, Pune
12.Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur
13.Directorate of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godawari
14.Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand
15.Directorate of Floriculture Research, Pusa, New Delhi
16.Project Directorate for Farming Systems Research, Modipuram
17.Directorate of Water Management Research, Bhubaneshwar
18.Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur
19.Project Directorate on Cattle, Meerut
20.Project Directorate on Foot & Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar
Directorates/Project Directorates - 25
21.Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad
22.Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore
23.Directorate of Information & Publication in Agriculture (DIPA), New Delhi
24.Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital
25.Directorate of Research on Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneshwar

All India Coordinated Research Projects

                AICRPs link up research programmes in ICAR research institutes, SAUs and private NGOs in a cooperative framework. They do multidisciplinary & multi location development and testing of newly developed technologies and varieties. They are located either in ICAR institutes or SAUs with an expenditure sharing of 75:25 basis. They provide solution of agricultural problems through inter institutional interactions
All India Coordinated Research Projects: 61
1.AICRP on   Pesticides Residues, New Delhi
2.AICRP on Nematodes, New Delhi
3.AICRP on Maize, New Delhi
4.AICRP Rice, Hyderabad
5.AICRP on Chickpea, Kanpur
6.AICRP on MULLARP, Kanpur
7.AICRP on Pigeon Pea, Kanpur
8.AICRP on Arid Legumes, Jodhpur
9.AICRP on Wheat & Barley Improvement Project, Karnal
10.AICRP Sorghum, Hyderabad
11.AICRP on Pearl Millets, Jodhpur
12.AICRP on Small Millets, Bangalore
13.AICRP on Sugarcane, Lucknow
14.AICRP on Cotton, Coimbatore
15.AICRP on Groundnut, Junagarh
16.AICRP on Soybean, Indore
17.AICRP on Rapeseed & Mustard, Bharatpur
18.AICRP on Sunflower, Safflower, Castor, Hyderabad
19.AICRP on Linseed, Kanpur
20.AICRP on Sesame and Niger, Jabalpur
21.AICRP on Biological Control, Bangalore
22.AICRP on Honey Bee Research & Training, Hisar
23.AICRP -NSP(Crops), Mau
24.AICRP on Forage Crops, Jhansi
25.AICRP Tropical Fruits, Bangalore
26.AICRP Sub Tropical Fruits, Lucknow
27.AICRP Arid Zone Fruits, Bikaner
28.AICRP Mushroom, Solan
29.AICRP Vegetables including NSP vegetable, Varanasi
30.AICRP Potato, Shimla
31.AICRP Tuber Crops, Thiruvananthapuram
32.AICRP Palms, Kasaragod
33.AICRP Cashew, Puttur
34.AICRP on Water Management Research, Bhubaneshwar
35.AICRP on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants including Betelvine, Anand
36.AICRP on Floriculture, New Delhi
37.AICRP in Micro Secondary & Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants, Bhopal
38.lAICRP on Soil Test  with Crop Response, Bhopal
39.AICRP on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments, Bhopal
40.AICRP Spices, Calicut
41.AICRP on Ground Water Utilisation, Bhubaneshwar
42.AICRP Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad
43.AICRP Weed Control, Jabalpur
44.AICRP Integrated Farming System Research, Modipuram including   Network Organic Farming
45.AICRP on Agroforestry, Jhansi
46.AICRP on FIM, Bhopal
47.AICRP on Salt Affected Soils & Use of Saline Water in Agriculture, Karnal
48.AICRP on Agrometeorology, Hyderabad including Network on Impact adaptation &  Vulnerability of Indian Agri. to Climate Change
49.All India Coordinated Research Project on Ergonomics and Safety in Agriculture
50.AICRP on Renewable Sources of Energy for Ag.and Agro Based Indus.,Bhopal
51.AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy (UAE), Bhopal
52.AICRP on Poultry, Hyderabad
53.AICRP on Application of Plastic in Agriculture, Ludhiana
54.AICRP- Improvement of Feed Sources & Nutrient Utilisation for raising animal
      production, Bangalore
55. AICRP on Home Science, Bhubaneshwar 
56.AICRP on Goat Improvement, Mathura
57.AICRP on Cattle Research, Meerut
58.AICRP-Pig, Izzatnagar
59.AICRP Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteshwar
60.AICRP ADMAS, Bangalore
61. AICRP on PHT, Ludhiana

Network Projects: 17
1.All India Coordinated Research Network on Underutilised Crops, New Delhi
2.All India Network Project on Tobacco, Rajahmundry
3.Network Project on White Grubs & Other Soil Arthropods, Durgapura
4.Network on Agricultural Acarology, Bangalore
5.Network on Economic Ornithology, Hyderabad
6.All India Network Project on Rodent Control, Jodhpur
7.All India Network Project on Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore
8.Network project on Improvement of Onion & Garlic, Pune
9.Network Bio-fertilizers, Bhopal
10.Network Project on Harvest & Post Harvest and Value Addition to Natural Resins & Gums, Ranchi
11.Network project on Animal Genetic  Resources, Karnal
12.Network Project on R&D Support for Process Upgradation of Indigenous Milk
      products for industrial application Karnal
13.Network Programme on Sheep Improvement, Avikanagar
14.Network Project on Buffaloes Improvement, Hisar
15.Network on Gastro Intestinal Parasitism, Izatnagar
16.Network on Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, Izatnagar
17.Network Programme Blue Tongue Disease, Izatnagar

Other Projects: 17
1.Technology Mission on Cotton   (CICR, Nagpur)
2.Technology Mission on Jute (CRIJAF, Barrackpore)
3.Continuation, Strengthening and Establishment of Krishi Vigyan Kendras
4.Strengthening & Development of Higher Agricultural   Education in India, New Delhi
5.Central Agricultural University, Imphal
6.Strengthening and Modernization of ICAR Headquarters
7.Intellectual Property Management & Transfer/Commercialisation  of Agricultural
    Technology (Upscaling of existing component IPR HQ)
8.Indo US Knowledge Initiative
9.National Agricultural Innovative Project, New Delhi
10. National Fund for Basic and Strategic Research, New Delhi

Krishi Vigyan Kendra
                Krishi Vigyan Kendras were started in the year 1974 to cater to the extension activities of ICAR. Now there are about 630 KVKs almost one for each district. KVKs are the vocational training institutions for farmers and field-level extension functionaries. They impart need-based and skill-oriented training to enhance agricultural production based on felt-needs and existing resources of particular area.
Fundamental principles of KVKs
  1. Agricultural production is the prime-goal.
  2. Work experience is the main method of imparting training.
  3. Priority of training should be on the weaker section of the society.
Major functions of KVKs
  1. To organize, long-term vocational training for rural youths for generating self-employment.
  2. To organize, training for farmers and extension functionaries.
  3. To organize, front-line demonstrations to generate production data and feedback.
  4. To collaborate, with SMS of SAUs in  on-farm testing, refining and documenting technologies.
Zone I 67 KVKs
Zone II 80 KVKs
Zone III 74 KVKs
Zone IV  81 KVKs
Zone V
78 KVKs
Zone VI  70 KVKs
Zone VII 100 KVKs
Zone VIII  80 KVKs
Delhi
A & N Islands
Assam
Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh    
Rajasthan
Chattisgarh
Karnataka
 
Haryana
Bihar
Arunachal Pradesh
Uttaranchal
Maharashtra
Gujarat
 Madhya Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Manipur
Orissa
 Kerala

J& K
West Bengal
Meghalaya

Goa
Punjab
Mizoram     

Nagaland      
Pondicherry
Sikkim           
 Lakshadweep
Tripura         


State Agricultural Universities

                The First Education Commission (1949) headed by Dr.S.Radhakrishanan & First and Second Indo –American teams recommended the setting up of Agricultural Universities in India on the lines of the Land Grant Colleges of US. The first SAU, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145 was set up in Uttaranchal in the year 1960.  

                In the year 1966 the Division of Agricultural Education was set up in ICAR. Later on SAUs were started in each state & Central University in North east region.

                Research Institutions with national importance was elevated as deemed universities. The 4 deemed universities are:  
  1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
  2. National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
  3. Indian Veterinary Research Institute,  Izatnagar
  4.  Central Institute on Fisheries Education, Mumbai
1
Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural UniversityRajendra Nagar, Hyderabad-500030
2
Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388110, Gujarat
3
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam
4
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741252, West Bengal
5
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour,  Bhagalpur 813210, Bihar
6
Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi-834006, Jharkhand
7
Central Agricultural University, P.O. Box 23, Imphal-795004, Manipur
8
Chandra Shekar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208002, Uttar Pradesh
9
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana
10
CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176062, Himachal Pradesh
11
Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Distt, Ratnagiri 415 712, Maharashtra
12
Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Krishinagar,Akola-444104, Maharashtra
13
Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan, Nauni-173230, Himachal Pradesh
14
Dr YSR Horticultural University, West Godavari Dist., Tadepalligudem-534101,  Andhra Pradesh
15
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145,Distt Udham Singh , Nagar , Uttaranchal
16
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab
17
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur-492006, Chhattisgarh
18
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482004, Madhya Pradesh
19
Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat
20
Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, BIDAR 585401, Karnataka
21
Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Trichur 680656, Kerala
22
Kerala University of Fisheries & Ocean Studies, Papangad, Kochi-682506 Kerala
23
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pattom,Thiruvananthapuram, 695004, Kerala
24
Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana
25
Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482001, Madhya Pradesh
26
Maharana Pratap Univ. of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001
27
Maharashtra Animal Science & Fishery University, Nagpur-440006, Maharashtra
28
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413722, Maharashtra
29
Manyavar Shri Kanshiram Ji University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda - 210001,
Uttar Pradesh
30
Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani-431402, Maharashtra
31
Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad -224229, Uttar Pradesh
32
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396450 Gujarat
33
Orissa Univ. of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneshwar-751003, Orissa
34
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab
35
Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner 334006 Rajasthan
36
Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, 848125, Bihar
37
Rajmata Vijayraje Sciendia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002 Madhya Pradesh
38
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology,  Meerut - 250110 Uttar Pradesh
39
Sardarkrushinagar-Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat-385506
40
Sher-E-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, ,Jammu 18009, J&K
41
Sher-E-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shrinagar-191121, Jammu & Kashmir
42
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati-517502
43
Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334006,Rajasthan
44
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, Tamil Nadu
45
Tamil Nadu Veterinary & Animal Science University, Chennai-600051, Tamilnadu
46
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, KVK,Bengaluru-560065, Karnataka
47
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad-580005, Karnataka
48
University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587102 Karnataka
49
University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur – 584101 Karnataka
50
UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001 , Uttar Pradesh
51
Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand
52
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Pundibari, Dist. Coach Bihar-736165,West Bengal
53
West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 68 KB Sarani, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal

*****

Courtesy: www.icar.org.in/

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